Short-Term Effect of In Situ Biochar Briquettes on Nitrogen Loss in Hybrid Rice Grown in an Agroforestry System for Three Years

Kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi) waste has the potential via in situ biochar briquettes to overcome low availability of nitrogen soil. This study evaluated short-term effects on loss reduction and determined an optimum scenario for hybrid rice grown agroforestry system among kayu stands. three-year experiment (2019–2021) was conducted using a randomised complete block design factorial with three blocks as replications. The treatments included made from (0-, 2-, 4-, 6-grain plant?1 or 0, 5, 10, 15 tonnes ha?1) urea fertiliser (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha?1). results demonstrated that eco–environmental most efficient strategy improved soil quality, physiological characteristics, yield application at 5.54-grain 230.08 ha?1. alternative approach illustrated both usage by 23.31% 26.28%, respectively, while increasing 24.73%, compared single ha?1 without briquettes.